Commissioned by Pearson, this report explores whether the current development and use of occupational standards are keeping pace with the changing needs of the economy.

Occupational standards outline the knowledge, skills and behaviours needed to be competent in particular job roles. They are used as a foundation for apprenticeships and other technical qualifications and also by employers and training providers to develop job descriptions and curricula.

Key findings from the research include:

  • Small groups of large employers have a disproportionate influence on the design of standards in some sectors
  • Striking the balance between developing a generalisable standard for an entire sector, that includes sufficient detail around the tasks and skills required to perform a role competently, is a key challenge
  • There are too many IfATE/Skills England occupational standards. As of 2024, there are over 670 occupational standards in the UK, whereas Switzerland has approximately 230 standards and Germany has around 330
  • The content and quality of standards remains inconsistent despite IfATE/Skills England introducing tools to tackle this.

The report warns that England’s occupational standards lack the agility to train up workers for the eight ‘growth-driving’ industries in the UK’s Industrial Strategy, and provides a number of recommendations for how we can improve the system.

1 April 2026

Supporting the progression of low-income workers in Scotland

With funding from the Robertson Trust, Learning and Work Institute has been working in partnership with Edinburgh College to develop a pilot to support low-income workers in Scotland to progress into better jobs.

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1 April 2026

Final report: Supporting the progression of low-income workers in Scotland

This report shares findings from the second phase of our programme of work funded by the Robertson Trust and delivered in partnership with Edinburgh College. It sets out a proposed model for a new, evidence-led, in-work progression programme in Edinburgh.

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13 March 2026

Training and skills needs: Trends and challenges in UK growth sectors

This report, the second in a series of publications funded by Nuffield Foundation, explores the level of estimated skills needs in UK businesses alongside the level and type of training that employers provide.

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13 March 2026

UK’s training and skills ‘tick-box culture’ puts at risk job mobility and future growth, new report warns

New analysis has identified an overreliance on mandatory and compliance training in UK workplaces compared to other countries – at the expense of more in-depth upskilling required for the jobs of the future.

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2 March 2026

When it comes to lifelong learning, are we any closer to the College of the Future?

Stephen Evans, Chief Executive at Learning and Work Institute, reflects on the role of colleges in providing adults with opportunity and agency throughout their lives.

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2 March 2026

Why adult education is an investment, not a cost

David Hughes, CEO at the Association of Colleges, sets out why a well-funded, high-quality adult education system is beneficial to society and the economy.

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17 February 2026

Labour market dashboard

Every month, Learning and Work Institute produces detailed and timely analysis of the latest labour market statistics from ONS. Explore our interactive charts.

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24 December 2025

Falling short: Understanding further falls in employer training

This briefing looks at how employer investment in training continues to fall – now down 36% per employee since 2005 – and argues that we must turn this around to improve economic growth.

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22 December 2025

From confusion to clarity: rethinking England’s 670 occupational standards

L&W’s Stephen Evans and Pearson’s Donna Ford-Clarke reflect on findings from our recent research on England’s occupational standards – of which there are now more than double the number in countries like Germany and Switzerland.

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